Although several research projects have produced global datasets, a regularly produced, standardised dataset is currently not available. To estimate emissions embodied in EU-27 imports based on the production technologies used abroad, a global model and accompanying dataset that include all inter-industry trade flows are needed. However, average production technologies in the EU-27 may not match very closely the production technologies used outside the EU-27 to produce products that are imported by the EU-27. 1.0 tonnes of CO 2 emissions per person that would otherwise have been emitted by its own production activities. By importing various goods and services from the rest of the world, the EU-27 can be seen to have ‘avoided’ ca. This assumption is used to approximate the emissions embodied in imported products by assuming that the imported products are produced with production technologies similar to those employed within the EU-27. A smaller part, equal to 1.0 tonnes/person, is estimated to have been avoided by importing intermediate and final products into the EU-27, eventually for EU-27 final use.įigure 1: CO 2 emissions - production and consumption perspective, EU-27, 2019Įurostat's carbon footprint estimate is based on the ‘domestic-technology-assumption’. A majority of the latter - 4.1 tonnes/person - stemmed from domestic production activities actually located in the EU-27. It consists of about 1.6 tonnes of CO 2 per person directly emitted by private households from burning fossil fuels (for example for heating dwellings and fuelling private vehicles) and 5.2 tonnes/person emitted indirectly along the production chains of final products which were either consumed or invested in within the EU-27. The EU-27's total carbon footprint was equal to 6.8 tonnes CO 2 per person in 2019. ![]() Eurostat's carbon footprint of the EU-27 measures how much CO 2 would have been emitted due to EU-27's demand for products, if all imported products were produced within the EU-27 using an EU-27 average production technology. This type of estimate is also known as a ‘carbon footprint’. As the point of reference is the final product, it gives a consumption perspective of CO 2 emissions and is also referred to as consumption-based accounting. The estimate of avoided CO 2 emissions can be interpreted as an approximation of the CO 2 emitted abroad to produce the imported products by the EU-27. The estimate includes CO 2 emitted to produce the final product, including emissions from intermediate inputs and CO 2 emissions avoided due to importing intermediate and final products. The EU-27 final use of products encompasses consumption by private households and governments as well as the use of products for gross fixed capital formation, or in other words investments, such as buildings, plants and machinery, motor vehicles, and infrastructure. The right-hand bar of Figure 1 shows the carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions due to final use of products within the EU-27 economy. The majority of the emissions originate from EU production activities.Ĭarbon dioxide emissions associated with EU consumption Services, that accounted for 25 % of the total carbon footprint, only accounted for 7 % of the direct CO 2 emissions (transport, construction and real estate services are accounted for separately). The EU-27 emitted 0.29 tonnes CO 2 per person more to produce exports in goods and services, than it avoided by importing goods and services. ![]() These are recorded in so-called GHG emission inventories and form the official data for international climate policies.Įurostat estimates that the total carbon footprint of EU-27 was equal to 6.8 tonnes of CO 2 per person in 2019. As a third set of greenhouse gas emissions statistics, Eurostat disseminates GHG emissions classified by technical processes. ![]() AEA are suited for integrated environmental-economic analyses such as the 'footprints' presented here or for calculating emission intensities. Carbon footprints are one particular analytical application of AEA.Įurostat also records and publishes the AEA, which include a range of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Eurostat uses a modelling approach to compile these estimates, based on economic information and air emissions accounts (AEA). ![]() This article is about carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions classified by final use of products in the EU-27, also known as 'carbon footprints'.
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